Raising a Puppy: What You Need to Know
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Puppies are beyond adorable, but let's face it — raising a puppy is fraught with challenges. If you've never had a puppy before, the task before you can seem quite daunting, and once those big puppy eyes capture your heart, there's no turning back. Here are some helpful tips to get through the puppy development stage and ensure your new four-legged baby grows up into a happy, healthy, well-adjusted dog.
Raising a Puppy: Things to Consider
Puppies are little bundles of energy who are often intensely curious about their surroundings. Life with a puppy is not that different from life with a human toddler—you'll need a lot of patience as you watch over your pup to keep him out of trouble, instruct him in appropriate behavior and safely teach him about the world.
The good news is that puppies sleep a lot, although they don't always sleep through the night, and your pup may wake the household whining and barking to express his displeasure at being left alone. Puppies are also driven to chew a lot as their adult teeth come in, and may see the doggie version of a teething ring in the living room rug, the couch, your favorite pair of shoes and even your hand. If you become frustrated with your new pet, it's important to remember that the task of raising a puppy is temporary. He'll be all grown up by his first birthday, and he'll leave most of his puppy tendencies behind as he settles into adulthood.
If you just got a puppy or are getting ready to go pick up your little bundle of joy, you need to be prepared for the new responsibility that is another life. This means taking time out of your busy schedule to tend to his needs. So, if you are planning on getting a puppy, it is a good idea to do so when you can take time off work, or work from home, to spend with him. This will allow you to let him out to do his business frequently, as well as monitor behaviors that he might try to engage in when you're away from the home.
Puppy-proofing Your Home
It's impossible to provide constant supervision for your energetic, curious pup, so it's important to prepare your home before letting him loose in it. Secure electrical cords and move potentially toxic plants or substances, such as cleaning supplies and insecticides, out of reach. It's a good idea to crawl through your home to get a puppy's-eye view of his surroundings. Remove anything he might be tempted to chew or swallow, and close off vents, pet doors or any other openings that might allow him to become lost or stuck. Not only will this help keep him safe, it will also ease your anxiety that your new pup is lost.
You'll need to be ready to start house training your pup as soon as you bring him home. If you plan to crate train him, have the crate ready. Make it comfortable by lining it with blankets or a dog bed, but make sure it's large enough that he'll have plenty of room to stand up, turn around, and lie down. Slowly introduce him to the crate by leaving the door open and letting him explore it on his own. You can help tempt him to go in by throwing in a toy or a couple of pieces of food. The more comfortable he is with going into the crate, the easier it will be on both of you during training.
If you're forgoing a crate, prepare a small area, such as a powder room or a corner of a kitchen or laundry room, where he can be confined and kept away from other pets and small children. Be sure to provide some puppy training pads to catch any accidents, and include a dog bed, his food and water dishes and a toy or two. This area will serve as home base, a safe space from which he can slowly be introduced to the other members of your household and that provides a retreat when he becomes overwhelmed or needs a time out.
Supplies You'll Need
You'll need to stock up on a number of supplies to keep your puppy happy and healthy.
- Food and water dishes; typical kitchen bowls are not safe for rambunctious puppies
- High quality puppy food and healthy dog treats
- Fresh, clean water
- A collar with ID
- A leash and possibly a dog harness for walking him (this comes in handy when leash training your pup)
- A crate or dog carrier
- A dog bed
- A dog brush or comb
- Puppy-safe shampoo
- Nail trimmers
- Dog toothbrush and dog-safe toothpaste
- Puppy-safe toys
- Poop bags (you can also recycle used grocery bags or sandwich bags)
- Travel bag to keep his necessities when you travel
- Pet-safe home cleaner (unless you're the very first puppy parent to never experience an accident in the home; congrats if that is true!)
Puppy Nutrition
Puppies have different nutrient and energy requirements than adult dogs. Look for a high quality puppy food that is specially formulated to support puppy development and growth. The proper quantity of food depends on factors like age, size, and breed. It's a good idea to consult your vet about how much and how often to feed your pup.
For some small breeds, it can be best to free feed young pups to ensure they receive adequate nutrition. Toy and small breed dogs reach physical maturity faster than larger breeds, and can be switched over to adult dog food and adult-sized portions between nine and twelve months of age.
Larger breeds can take a full two years to reach physical maturity, and should stick with a puppy formula during that time. They should also be fed multiple meals each day with controlled portions to prevent complications, such as stomach bloat and buildup of excess protein or calcium, which could lead to conditions like hip dysplasia. A structured feeding schedule for your larger breed pup could look something like this:
- Six to twelve weeks old: Four meals per day
- Three to six months old: Three meals per day
- Six months and up: Two meals per day
Training and Socialization
You'll want to begin house training right away. Dogs instinctively try to avoid soiling their bed and the area around it, so keeping him confined to a small area or crate as he gets used to going outside will be key, says Dog Star Daily. Establish a potty routine, keeping in mind that young puppies will typically need to go out once every couple of hours. Until he's had all his vaccinations, take him to a section of the yard where he won't be exposed to other animals. When he successfully relieves himself outdoors, be sure to lavish him with praise and reward him with a treat.
When it comes to both house training and establishing the rules of appropriate conduct, it's important to be patient with your pup and use positive reinforcement to build happy associations with correct behavior. It's generally best to ignore unwanted behavior, or correct your pup with a simple but firm "no." Never hit or yell at your pup—this will only confuse him and cause him to feel anxious and fearful. When he engages in negative behavior try and direct him back to something positive. For instance, if he is chewing on something he shouldn't be, direct him back to one of his toys. As soon as he's old enough, consider enrolling him in an obedience class. This will not only teach him how to behave, but will also help promote socialization and provide you with the skills to properly train him.
Proper socialization is a key element of successfully raising a puppy. In order for him to grow up into a well-adjusted dog, he needs to be exposed to as many new people, places, experiences and situations as possible. While you should wait until he's had all his vaccinations before taking him out in public or letting him get close to other animals, you can start socializing your pup right away by simply playing with him and introducing him to new people, sights, sounds, smells, and textures.
Your Puppy's Health
One of the first steps to take after getting your new puppy is to schedule a wellness visit with a veterinarian. If you don't already have an established vet, ask around. Your family, friends and coworkers will likely be able to provide you with plenty of recommendations.
At his first appointment, your vet will check your puppy for any health problems or parasites, and will likely recommend a program for controlling parasites, such as fleas, ticks and heartworms. She'll also establish a vaccination schedule and advise you on when you should bring him in to be neutered, which can help reduce the risk of health and behavioral problems as he gets older.
Your vet can also answer any questions or concerns you have about caring for your pup, such as what type of food to feed him and how much he should be given. Either your vet or the veterinary assistant can also advise you on aspects of puppy care such as tooth brushing and nail trimming, and can even show you how it's properly done.
While you're at the vet you can try and schedule his 6-month vet visit. This vet will use this visit to check on the growth and progress of your pup to make sure everything looks good from a health perspective. They can even start to give you tips on preparing you as you go through the adolescent period, which can be a challenging time for pet parents as pups grow into sexual maturity. This also is a good chance to talk about what to expect as your pup grows into adulthood.
Puppy Play
Outside of training and general health, puppies need attention and exercise. The good news is that this doesn't always mean walks around the block, jogging throughout the neighborhood, or trips to the dog park. Playing with your puppy is often enough exercise to keep him healthy while building a bond between the both of you. Games like fetch, tug-of-war and hide-and-seek are all games that can be played within the home to help release pent up energy he might have gotten from being home alone all day. Make sure to take 15-30 minutes every day to play with him in addition to walking him or letting him in your backyard to run around.
Grooming
Even dogs that don't require a trim every few weeks need some sort of grooming. Starting the grooming process while your pup is still young will make it much easier on you. Grooming includes trimmings, brushing his coat, his teeth, trimming his nails and bathing him. You can absolutely hire a professional groomer for haircuts or the vet for nail trimming, but you'll want to get your dog used to having to sit still while you primp and preen him. Get him used to the feeling of a brush in his fur, this is especially true of dogs that shed a lot or are prone to matting. Bathing your puppy can be a chore in itself, so come in prepared with plenty of towels (and clothes you're not afraid to get wet in) and slowly introduce him to the shampoo and water. As he starts to get more comfortable, this process will become easier. Finally, brushing his teeth may seem strange to a lot of pet owners, but it can go a long way to protecting your dog's mouth. Here are some tips to getting your puppy used to you brushing his teeth.
Raising a puppy is not an easy task, but it's an adventure that's full of rewards as you develop a deep bond with your pup that will last throughout his life. A lot of patience and a little extra effort will turn your rambunctious pupper into a fun-loving gentleman that will make all the effort that goes into his development worthwhile.
Contributor Bio
Jean Marie Bauhaus
Jean Marie Bauhaus is fiction author and freelance writer and editor living in Tulsa, Oklahoma. She writes frequently about pets and pet health in her home office, where she is assisted by a lapful of furbabies.